In recent years, we found that adding multiple additives in the process of coal combustion can promote the removal of NOx, ... The rate of the temperature increase on the surface of coal and additives was very high when it underwent sudden combustion in the tubular furnace at 1123 K. Thus, the combustion processes of the volatiles and coal char ...
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Coal dust, or anthracite, is fast becoming a common additive in the green sand moulding process. It is a carbonaceous additive that under foundry conditions combusts and oxidises. Historically, the leading additive in green sand casting, as a carbonaceous material, was highly volatile bituminous coal, often referred to as sea coal.
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gas fat lean coal (GZhO), sinter lowcaking lowmetamorphized coal (KSN), sinter lowcaking coal (KS), long flame coal (DG), lean caking coal (TS), and lowcaking coal (SS) that are second to coking coals in quality and degrade the charge, which finally affects the coke,16 In general, the Gray−King coke method is used for the
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When mixed with water, many drilling fluid additives are designed to function within a pH range of to 10. This allows the additives to become soluble and disperse and in effect, function. The pH can be adjusted to the proper level by adding specific additives to the water. Two of these additives include caustic soda and potassium hydroxide.
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Researchers in Russia have improved coalburning efficiency with the use of catalytically active agents to intensify the combustion process. Copper salts were tested as activating additives to improve reactivity of highash coal fuels, such as anthracite, and semicoke. These fuels are characterized by high minimum ignition and combustion ...
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Additives that can help: Friction Modifiers PCMO: 5565% frictional losses in II ... VM Concentrate 40,000 Molasses 8,000 Maple syrup 3,000 Motor oil (SAE 8 SAE 40 grades) 25 350 ... • Viscosity Modifiers increase viscosity proportionally to the volume that
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Aluminum silicatebased, aluminumbased, and magnesiumbased additives were used in coal combustion to comprehensively evaluate ash fusion temperature, thermal properties, ash deposit, emission, and ash mineral morphology. The results showed that additives in highrisk coal/blended coal could reduce ash sintering during the combustion.
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Ignition temperature of coal and other dust is not affected by particle size. A big difference is made by the way coal dust comes in contact with a heat source. Thus, layered powder of coal can ignite at a much lower temperature (160°C approx.), whereas a cloud of coal dust will need 450650°C to ignite. Table shows some relevant data [5].
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The method of achieving more efficient use of engine fuels and increasing their octane number by means of organic fuel additives is widely known [].For example, methyltertbutyl ether (the amount of which produced in Russia alone is around 1 million t a year) is used as an additive to achieving more efficient use of diesel fuel, OFAs on the basis of alcohols and light ethers with ...
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Pitch as a matrix precursor usually requires a modification of the raw pitch to have a high coke yield while maintaining good fluidity. Several methods have been used to modify petroleum or coaltar pitch (CTP): the treatment of pitch with sulfur as an additive [1], [7], mild oxidation by air blowing [8], [9], [10], and nitrogen blowing [11].
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The results showed a decrease in the water levels of natural coal bayah reached 69%, increase in calorific value reached %. Increased caloric value and reduced water content caused by the water molecules on replacing seal the pores of coal by oil and atoms C on the oil that is bound to increase the percentage of coal carbon.
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It obtained that the antioxidant additives increase the BTE and HC, CO Smoke emissions, and decreases EGT and NOx emission. However, BHA has shown a better performance than BHT in all emission and performance parameters. The reduction of EGT is due to the presence of antioxidant additives which hinder fuel conversion slightly.
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Recycling livestock manure provides energy and prevent pollution, yet actual transformation processes are limited in terms of performance and cost. Here, we review inorganic additives used to improve anaerobic digestion. Additives include minerals such as zeolite and magnetite, metals such as bulk and nanoparticles, industrial wastes, and pHregulating additives. We focus on microbial ...
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Highlights • Additives improve ash fusion temperature in cofiring of coal and biomass. • The effectiveness of various additives was investigated. • The research combined experimental and theoretical methods. • Promising results could be obtained with Mg and Albased additives. •
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Adding additive to the coal is an option and has grabbed the attention of many researchers for developing an additive. These additives for coal can effectively improve the combustion performance of the coal. This review paper contributes information about the impact of additives on coal combustion properties, coal calorific value, binder for ...
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Denitrification experiments of cocombustion of coal and additives were carried out in a horizontal tube furnace. The results showed that calcium acetate limited the production of NO2. The optimum calcination temperature of CTABZrTiO2 was 673 K. The denitrification efficiency reached up to %, and desulfurization efficiency reached % when corncob, calcium acetate, and CTABZrTiO2 ...
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Volatile matter (VM) is the percentage loss in mass, adjusted for moisture, when coal is heated out of contact with air under standard conditions. In this test, 1 g of sample is placed into a lidded crucible (to prevent ingress of air), which is placed in a furnace at 900 °C for 7 min or 950 °C if using the ASTM method. Moisture in the analysis sample is determined concurrently.
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To prepare the raw material for pelletization, some additives such as binder, limestone, coke/anthracite coal is used to form high grade iron pellets, which enhance the needed physical and chemical properties of pellet to process further. Binder plays the vital role to hold fines together and this can be agglomerated into pellet with high strength.
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Densification and pyrolysis are two methods to upgrade biomass. To avoid ash fusion problems, NH4H2PO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2 were chosen as additives to mix with maize straw to produce biochar briquettes. Potassium transformation mechanisms between additives and biomass in pyrolysis were investigated by XRD, XRF, SEMEDS, and simulation. Results show that additives accelerate the production of ...
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Introducing additives to concrete manufacturing processes could reduce the sizeable carbon footprint of the material without altering its bulk mechanical properties, ... While the energy required for this heating process could eventually be substituted with electricity generated from renewable solar or wind sources, the other half of the ...
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Hence, the CE of the coal increases. However, the influence of O2 enrichment on CE is limited. It has been shown through calculation that the CE increases by around % for a HV coal ( % VM) and % for a LV coal (14 % VM) when O2 enrichment of the hot air blast is raised from 0 % to 6 % by volume.
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